![]() ![]() MRI, on the other hand, is a versatile imaging modality that circumvents many of these drawbacks. ![]() Their ability to assess functional information is also restricted. These techniques, however, are limited due to either ionizing radiation or intrinsic spatiotemporal resolution. Techniques such as Computed Tomography (CT), ultrasound, and X-ray fluoroscopy are routinely used in general surgical workflows, providing detailed anatomical information to ensure surgical accuracy, consistency, and repeatability. Imaging techniques, whether being used for preoperative planning, intraoperative guidance, or post-operative assessment, are playing increasingly important roles in modern surgery. ![]() Potential future research directions and new clinical developments are also discussed. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art in MRI-guided robot intervention and allied technologies in actuation, sensing, new materials, interventional instruments, and interactive/real-time MRI. Whilst promising progress has been made in recent years, there are still significant basic science research and engineering challenges. Emerging applications in targeted drug delivery and MRI-guided chemoembolization are also being pursued. Areas of current applications include neurosurgery, breast biopsy, cardiovascular intervention, prostate biopsy and radiotherapy. In addition to its diagnostic potential, its future theranostic value lies in its ability to provide MRI-guided robot intervention with combined structural and functional mapping, as well as integrated instrument localization, target recognition, and in situ, in vivo monitoring of the therapeutic efficacy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is now a widely used modality for providing multimodal, high-quality soft tissue contrast images with good spatiotemporal resolution but without subjecting patients to ionizing radiation. ![]()
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